1. Single-Level, Barrier-Free Entry

Key Features:

• No-Step Entry: Ensure at least one entrance to the ADU is at ground level with no steps, allowing easy access for wheelchairs, walkers, or people with limited mobility.
  • Ramps or Gradual Slopes: If the ADU is on a raised foundation, install a ramp with a gentle slope (1:12 ratio) or a gradual graded pathway leading to the door.
  • Wide Doorways: Doorways should be a minimum of 36 inches wide to accommodate wheelchairs and walkers comfortably.

Best Practices:

• Use lever-style door handles rather than traditional round knobs, which can be difficult to turn for people with arthritis or limited hand strength.

2. Open Floor Plans and Wide Circulation Paths

Key Features:

• Open Layout: Open floor plans with wide circulation paths (at least 36-42 inches) allow for easy maneuverability, especially for wheelchair users.
  • This eliminates tight hallways or sharp turns that could limit mobility.
• No-Level Changes: Ensure that all interior spaces are on the same level, avoiding unnecessary steps, transitions, or thresholds between rooms.

Best Practices:

• Sliding Doors or Pocket Doors: Consider using sliding or pocket doors instead of swinging doors to save space and make access easier.

3. Accessible Kitchens

Key Features:

• Adjustable or Lowered Countertops: Countertops should be placed at a height of around 30-34 inches (instead of the standard 36 inches) to accommodate people using wheelchairs.
  • Roll-Under Workspaces: Ensure at least one section of the kitchen countertop is open underneath to allow wheelchair users to roll in and work comfortably.
• Easy-to-Reach Storage: Install pull-out shelves, drawers, and lazy Susans in lower cabinets, making them accessible without the need to bend or reach high.
  • Wall cabinets should be installed lower than usual or equipped with pull-down shelving systems.

Best Practices:

• Use touchless faucets or lever-handle faucets for ease of use.
• Install appliances at reachable heights. For example, place microwaves or wall ovens at counter height rather than above stoves to improve accessibility.

4. Accessible Bathrooms

Key Features:

• Curbless Showers: Install a curbless, walk-in shower with a wide entrance (36 inches) to allow for easy access. Include grab bars in the shower and near the toilet.
  • Use slip-resistant flooring in the shower and bathroom to enhance safety.
• Roll-In Showers: Ensure there’s enough room (at least 60 inches by 30 inches) to allow a person in a wheelchair to roll into the shower.some text
  • Install a handheld showerhead on a flexible hose to accommodate various user needs.
• Accessible Toilets: Use a comfort-height toilet (17-19 inches from the floor) with grab bars nearby to assist individuals with limited mobility.

Best Practices:

• Consider installing motion-activated lighting or light switches at an accessible height (about 36-44 inches from the floor).

5. Universal Bedroom Design

Key Features:

• Ample Space for Movement: The bedroom should have enough clear space (minimum 5-foot turning radius) to allow wheelchair users to navigate easily.
• Closet Accessibility: Install lower rods and shelves in the closet, or use adjustable closet systems to accommodate varying needs.

Best Practices:

• Ensure that electrical outlets, switches, and thermostat controls are placed within easy reach (36-44 inches from the floor), making them accessible to both standing and seated individuals.

6. Safe and Accessible Outdoor Spaces

Key Features:

• Accessible Patio or Deck: If the ADU includes outdoor space, make sure the patio or deck is at ground level or has a smooth ramp transition.
• Raised Garden Beds: For residents who enjoy gardening, install raised garden beds at an accessible height (approximately 24-30 inches) to allow easy reach from a seated position.

Best Practices:

• Ensure that pathways leading to outdoor areas are wide enough for wheelchairs and are constructed from firm, stable materials like concrete or pavers.

7. Smart Home Technology for Accessibility

Key Features:

• Smart Home Systems: Integrate voice-activated smart home technology (e.g., Amazon Alexa, Google Home) to control lighting, temperature, and appliances without physical interaction.
• Remote-Controlled Features: Use remote-controlled window blinds, lighting systems, and thermostats that can be easily adjusted by those with limited mobility.

8. Emergency Safety Features

Key Features:

• Visual and Auditory Alerts: Install visual or auditory smoke alarms and security systems that cater to individuals with hearing or vision impairments.
• Emergency Call Systems: Consider adding emergency pull cords or panic buttons in high-risk areas like the bathroom, bedroom, and kitchen for added safety.

Conclusion

Incorporating Universal Design and accessibility features into ADU designs ensures that the space meets the diverse needs of aging residents and people with disabilities. These principles improve the quality of life for all residents by making the ADU functional, safe, and comfortable. Focus on features like no-step entry, wide doorways, accessible kitchens and bathrooms, and smart home technology to create an inclusive environment.

For more guidance on Universal Design principles:

• AARP Universal Design Guide
• National Association of Home Builders: Aging-in-Place Remodeling

‍